Zurich Open Repository and Archive CSV EndNote BibTeX XML Export Wild, Sonja; Hoppitt, William J E; Allen, Simon J; Krützen, Michael (2020). Integrating Genetic, Environmental, and Social Networks to Reveal Transmission Pathways of a Dolphin Foraging Innovation. Current Biology, 30(15):3024-3030.e4. O'Brien, O; Allen, S J; Krützen, M; Connor, R C (2020). Alliance-specific habitat selection by male Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Animal Behaviour, 164:39-49. Moore, Bronte L; Connor, Richard C; Allen, Simon J; Krützen, Michael; King, Stephanie L (2020). Acoustic coordination by allied male dolphins in a cooperative context. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 287(1924):20192944. Gerber, Livia; Connor, Richard C; King, Stephanie L; Allen, Simon J; Wittwer, Samuel; Bizzozzero, Manuela R; Friedman, Whitney R; Kalberer, Stephanie; Sherwin, William B; Wild, Sonja; Willems, Erik P; Krützen, Michael (2020). Affiliation history and age similarity predict alliance formation in adult male bottlenose dolphins. Behavioral Ecology, 31(2):361-370. King, Stephanie L; Allen, Simon J; Krützen, Michael; Connor, Richard C (2019). Vocal behaviour of allied male dolphins during cooperative mate guarding. Animal Cognition, 22(6):991-1000. Hamilton, Rebecca A; Borcuch, Teresa; Allen, Simon J; Cioffi, William R; Bucci, Vanni; Krützen, Michael; Connor, Richard C (2019). Male aggression varies with consortship rate and habitat in a dolphin social network. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 73(10):141. Wild, Sonja; Allen, Simon J; Krützen, Michael; King, Stephanie L; Gerber, Livia; Hoppitt, William J E (2019). Multi-network-based diffusion analysis reveals vertical cultural transmission of sponge tool use within dolphin matrilines. Biology Letters, 15(7):20190227. Bizzozzero, M R; Allen, S J; Gerber, L; Wild, S; King, S L; Connor, R C; Friedman, W R; Wittwer, S; Krützen, M (2019). Tool use and social homophily among male bottlenose dolphins. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 286(1904):20190898. Manlik, Oliver; Krützen, Michael; Kopps, Anna M; Mann, Janet; Bejder, Lars; Allen, Simon J; Frère, Celine; Connor, Richard C; Sherwin, William B (2019). Is MHC diversity a better marker for conservation than neutral genetic diversity? A case study of two contrasting dolphin populations. Ecology and Evolution, 9(12):6986-6998. Wild, Sonja; Krützen, Michael; Rankin, Robert W; Hoppitt, William J E; Gerber, Livia; Allen, Simon J (2019). Long-term decline in survival and reproduction of dolphins following a marine heatwave. Current Biology, 29(7):R239-R240. Mattle-Greminger, Maja P; Bilgin Sonay, Tugce; Nater, Alexander; Pybus, Marc; Desai, Tariq; de Valles, Guillem; Casals, Ferran; Scally, Aylwyn; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Marques-Bonet, Tomas; van Schaik, Carel P; Anisimova, Maria; Krützen, Michael (2018). Genomes reveal marked differences in the adaptive evolution between orangutan species. Genome Biology, 19(1):193. Kedzierska, Katarzyna Z; Gerber, Livia; Cagnazzi, Daniele; Krützen, Michael; Ratan, Aakrosh; Kistler, Logan (2018). SONiCS: PCR stutter noise correction in genome-scale microsatellites. Bioinformatics, 34(23):4115-4117. Bono, Axelle E J; Whiten, Andrew; van Schaik, Carel; Krützen, Michael; Eichenberger, Franca; Schnider, Alessandra; van de Waal, Erica (2018). Payoff- and Sex-Biased Social Learning Interact in a Wild Primate Population. Current Biology, 28(17):2800-2805.e4. Grillová, Linda; Bawa, Tanika; Mikalová, Lenka; Gayet-Ageron, Angèle; Nieselt, Kay; Strouhal, Michal; Sednaoui, Patrice; Ferry, Tristan; Cavassini, Matthias; Lautenschlager, Stephan; Dutly, Fabrizio; Pla-Díaz, Marta; Krützen, Michael; González-Candelas, Fernando; Bagheri, Homayoun C; Šmajs, David; Arora, Natasha; Bosshard, Philipp P (2018). Molecular characterization of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum in Switzerland and France with a new multilocus sequence typing scheme. PLoS ONE, 13(7):e0200773. King, Stephanie L; Friedman, Whitney R; Allen, Simon J; Gerber, Livia; Jensen, Frants H; Wittwer, Samuel; Connor, Richard C; Krützen, Michael (2018). Bottlenose Dolphins Retain Individual Vocal Labels in Multi-level Alliances. Current Biology, 28(12):1993-1999.e3. Krützen, Michael; Beasley, Isabel; Ackermann, Corinne Y; Lieckfeldt, Dietmar; Ludwig, Arne; Ryan, Gerard E; Bejder, Lars; Parra, Guido J; Wolfensberger, Rebekka; Spencer, Peter B S (2018). Demographic collapse and low genetic diversity of the Irrawaddy dolphin population inhabiting the Mekong River. PLoS ONE, 13(1):e0189200. Taylor, Barbara L; Archer, Frederick I; Martien, Karen K; Rosel, Patricia E; Hancock-Hanser, Brittany L; Lang, Aimee R; Leslie, Matthew S; Mesnick, Sarah L; Morin, Phillip A; Pease, Victoria L; Perrin, William F; Robertson, Kelly M; Parsons, Kim M; Viricel, Amélia; Vollmer, Nicole L; Cipriano, Frank; Reeves, Randall R; Krützen, Michael; Baker, C Scott (2017). Guidelines and quantitative standards to improve consistency in cetacean subspecies and species delimitation relying on molecular genetic data. Marine Mammal Science, 33(S1):132-155. Connor, Richard C; Cioffi, William R; Randić, Srđan; Allen, Simon J; Watson-Capps, Jana; Krützen, Michael (2017). Male alliance behaviour and mating access varies with habitat in a dolphin social network. Scientific Reports, 7:46354. Allen, S J; King, S L; Krützen, Michael; Brown, Alexander M (2017). Multi-modal sexual displays in Australian humpback dolphins. Scientific Reports, 7(1):online. Borgeaud, Christèle; Schnider, Alessandra; Krützen, Michael; Bshary, Redouan (2017). Female vervet monkeys fine-tune decisions on tolerance versus conflict in a communication network. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 284(1867):20171922. Staes, Nicky; Sherwood, Chet C; Wright, Katharine; de Manuel, Marc; Guevara, Elaine E; Marques-Bonet, Tomas; Krützen, Michael; Massiah, Michael; Hopkins, William D; Ely, John J; Bradley, Brenda J (2017). FOXP2 variation in great ape populations offers insight into the evolution of communication skills. Scientific Reports, 7(1):16866. Nater, Alexander; Mattle-Greminger, Maja Patricia; Nurcahyo, Anton; Nowak, Matthew G; de Manuel, Marc; Desai, Tariq; Groves, Colin; Pybus, Marc; Sonay, Tugce Bilgin; Roos, Christian; Lameira, Adriano R; Wich, Serge A; Askew, James; Davila-Ross, Marina; Fredriksson, Gabriella M; de Valles, Guillem; Casals, Ferran; Prado-Martinez, Javier; Goossens, Benoit; Verschoor, Ernst J; Warren, Kristin S; Singleton, Ian; Marques, David A; Pamungkas, Joko; Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah; Rianti, Puji; Tuuga, Augustine; Gut, Ivo G; Gut, Marta; Orozco-terWengel, Pablo; van Schaik, Carel P; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Anisimova, Maria; Scally, Aylwyn; Marques-Bonet, Tomas; Meijaard, Erik; Krützen, Michael (2017). Morphometric, behavioral, and genomic evidence for a new Orangutan species. Current Biology, 27(22):3487-3498.e10. Nam, Kiwoong; Munch, Kasper; Mailund, Thomas; Nater, Alexander; Greminger, Maja Patricia; Krützen, Michael; Marquès-Bonet, Tomàs; Schierup, Mikkel Heide (2017). Evidence that the rate of strong selective sweeps increases with population size in the great apes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(7):1613-1618. Kuhlwilm, Martin; de Manuel, Marc; Nater, Alexander; Greminger, Maja P; Krützen, Michael; Marques-Bonet, Tomas (2016). Evolution and demography of the great apes. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 41:124-129. Allen, Simon J; Bryant, Kate A; Kraus, Robert H S; Loneragan, Neil R; Kopps, Anna M; Brown, Alexander M; Gerber, Livia; Krützen, Michael (2016). Genetic isolation between coastal and fishery-impacted, offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiopsspp.) populations. Molecular Ecology, 25(12):2735-2753. Manlik, Oliver; McDonald, Jane A; Mann, Janet; Raudino, Holly C; Bejder, Lars; Krützen, Michael; Connor, Richard C; Heithaus, Michael R; Lacy, Robert C; Sherwin, William B (2016). The relative importance of reproduction and survival for the conservation of two dolphin populations. Ecology and Evolution, 6(11):3496-3512. Jedensjö, Maria; Kemper, Catherine M; Krützen, Michael (2016). Cranial morphology and taxonomic resolution of some dolphin taxa (Delphinidae) in Australian waters, with a focus on the genus Tursiops. Marine Mammal Science, 33(1):187-205. Rankin, Robert W; Nicholson, Krista E; Allen, Simon J; Krützen, Michael; Bejder, Lars; Pollock, Kenneth H (2016). A Full-Capture Hierarchical Bayesian Model of Pollock's Closed Robust Design and Application to Dolphins. Frontiers in Marine Science:3:25. Gerber, Livia; Krützen, Michael; de Ruiter, Jan R; van Schaik, Carel P; van Noordwijk, Maria A (2016). Postdispersal nepotism in male long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Ecology and Evolution, 6(1):46-55. Bilgin Sonay, Tugce; Carvalho, Tiago; Robinson, Mark D; Greminger, Maja P; Krützen, Michael; Comas, David; Highnam, Gareth; Mittelman, David; Sharp, Andrew; Marques-Bonet, Tomàs; Wagner, Andreas (2015). Tandem repeat variation in human and great ape populations and its impact on gene expression divergence. Genome Research, 25(11):1591-1599. Rianti, Puji; Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah; Sajuthi, Dondin; Pamungkas, Joko; Nater, Alexander; Krützen, Michael (2015). Identification of diagnostic mitochondrial DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms specific to Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) populations. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 22(4):149-156. Krützen, M. Population Genetic Approaches to Unravelling Cultural Patterns in Great Apes and Delphinids. 2015, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. Connor, Richard C; Krützen, Michael (2015). Male dolphin alliances in Shark Bay: changing perspectives in a 30-year study. Animal Behaviour, 103:223-235. Nater, Alexander; Greminger, Maja P; Arora, Natasha; van Schaik, Carel P; Goossens, Benoit; Singleton, Ian; Verschoor, Ernst J; Warren, Kristin S; Krützen, Michael (2015). Reconstructing the demographic history of orang-utans using Approximate Bayesian Computation. Molecular Ecology, 24(2):310-327. Krützen, M; Kreicker, S; MacLeod, C D; Learmonth, J; Kopps, A M; Walsham, P; Allen, S J (2014). Cultural transmission of tool use by Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) provides access to a novel foraging niche. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 281(1784):20140374. Kopps, Anna M; Ackermann, Corinne Y; Sherwin, William B; Allen, Simon J; Bejder, Lars; Krützen, Michael (2014). Cultural transmission of tool use combined with habitat specializations leads to fine-scale genetic structure in bottlenose dolphins. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 281(1782):20133245. Greminger, Maja P; Stölting, Kai N; Nater, Alexander; Goossens, Benoit; Arora, Natasha; Bruggmann, Rémy; Patrignani, Andrea; Nussberger, Beatrice; Sharma, Reeta; Kraus, Robert H S; Ambu, Laurentius N; Singleton, Ian; Chikhi, Lounes; van Schaik, Carel P; Krützen, Michael (2014). Generation of SNP datasets for orangutan population genomics using improved reduced-representation sequencing and direct comparisons of SNP calling algorithms. BMC Genomics, 15:16. Kopps, Anna M; Krützen, Michael; Allen, Simon J; Bacher, Kathrin; Sherwin, William B (2014). Characterizing the socially transmitted foraging tactic “sponging” by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiopssp.) in the western gulf of Shark Bay, Western Australia. Marine Mammal Science, 30(3):847-863. Mendez, Martin; Jefferson, Thomas A; Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis; Krützen, Michael; Parra, Guido J; Collins, Tim; Minton, Giana; Baldwin, Robert; Berggren, Per; Särnblad, Anna; Amir, Omar A; Peddemors, Vic M; Karczmarski, Leszek; Guissamulo, Almeida; Smith, Brian; Sutaria, Dipani; Amato, George; Rosenbaum, Howard C (2013). Integrating multiple lines of evidence to better understand the evolutionary divergence of humpback dolphins along their entire distribution range: a new dolphin species in Australian waters?. Molecular Ecology, 22(23):5936-5948. Heithaus, M R; Vaudo, J J; Kreicker, S; Layman, C A; Krützen, M; Burkholder, D A; Gastrich, K; Bessey, C; Sarabia, R; Cameron, K; Wirsing, A; Thomson, J A; Dunphy-Daly, M M (2013). Apparent resource partitioning and trophic structure of large-bodied marine predators in a relatively pristine seagrass ecosystem. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 481:225-237. Lewis, Jennifer S; Wartzok, Douglas; Heithaus, Michael; Krützen, Michael (2013). Could relatedness help explain why individuals lead in bottlenose dolphin groups?. PLoS ONE, 8(3):e58162. Dunkel, Lynda P; Arora, Natasha; van Noordwijk, Maria A; Atmoko, Sri Suci Utami; Putra, Angga Prathama; Krützen, Michael; van Schaik, Carel P (2013). Variation in developmental arrest among male orangutans: a comparison between a Sumatran and a Bornean population. Frontiers in Zoology, 10:12. Nater, A; Arora, N; Greminger, M P; van Schaik, C P; Singleton, I; Wich, S A; Fredriksson, G; Perwitasari-Farajallah, D; Pamungkas, J; Krützen, M (2013). Marked population structure and recent migration in the critically endangered Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii). Journal of Heredity, 104(1):2-13. Randic, S; Connor, R C; Sherwin, W B; Krützen, M (2012). A novel mammalian social structure in Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.): complex male alliances in an open social network. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 279(1740):3083-3090. van de Waal, Erica; Krützen, Michael; Hula, Josephine; Goudet, Jérôme; Bshary, Redouan (2012). Similarity in food cleaning techniques within matrilines in wild vervet monkeys. PLoS ONE, 7(4):e35694. Rotheray, E L; Lepais, O; Nater, A; Krützen, M; Greminger, M; Goulson, D; Bussière, L F (2012). Genetic variation and population decline of an endangered hoverfly Blera fallax (Diptera: Syrphidae). Conservation Genetics, 13(5):1283-1291. Nicholson, Krista; Bejder, Lars; Allen, Simon J; Krützen, Michael; Pollock, Kenneth H (2012). Abundance, survival and temporary emigration of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) off Useless Loop in the western gulf of Shark Bay, Western Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research, 63(11):1059-1068. Krützen, M (2012). Conservation issues arising from maladaptive behaviours spreading socially. Animal Conservation, 15(5):440-441. Wich, Serge A; Krützen, Michael; Lameira, Adriano R; Nater, Alexander; Arora, Natasha; Bastian, Meredith L; Meulman, Ellen; Morrogh-Bernard, Helen C; Atmoko, S Suci Utami; Pamungkas, Joko; Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah; Hardus, Madeleine E; van Noordwijk, Maria; van Schaik, Carel P (2012). Call cultures in orang-utans?. PLoS ONE, 7(5):e36180. Nietlisbach, Pirmin; Arora, Natasha; Nater, Alexander; Goossens, Benoit; Van Schaik, Carel P; Krützen, Michael (2012). Heavily male-biased long-distance dispersal of orang-utans (genus:Pongo), as revealed by Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial genetic markers. Molecular Ecology, 21(13):3173-3186. Sharma, Reeta; Arora, Natasha; Goossens, Benoit; Nater, Alexander; Morf, Nadja; Salmona, Jordi; Bruford, Michael W; Van Schaik, Carel P; Krützen, Michael; Chikhi, Lounès (2012). Effective population size dynamics and the demographic collapse of Bornean orang-utans. PLoS ONE, 7(11):e49429. Arora, N; Van Noordwijk, M A; Ackermann, C; Willems, E P; Nater, A; Greminger, M; Nietlisbach, P; Dunkel, L P; Utami Atmoko, S S; Pamungkas, J; Perwitasari-Farajallah, D; Van Schaik, C P; Krützen, M (2012). Parentage-based pedigree reconstruction reveals female matrilineal clusters and male-biased dispersal in nongregarious Asian great apes, the Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus). Molecular Ecology, 21(13):3352-3362. Tyne, J A; Loneragan, N R; Kopps, A M; Allen, S J; Krützen, M; Bejder, L (2012). Ecological characteristics contribute to sponge distribution and tool use in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops sp.. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 444:143-153. van Noordwijk, M A; Arora, N; Willems, E P; Dunkel, L P; Amda, R N; Mardianah, N; Ackermann, C; Krützen, M; van Schaik, C P (2012). Female philopatry and its social benefits among Bornean orangutans. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 66(6):823-834. Rotheray, Ellen L; Greminger, Maja P; Nater, Alexander; Krützen, Michael; Goulson, David; Bussière, Luc F (2012). Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the endangered pine hoverfly Blera fallax (Diptera: Syrphidae). Conservation Genetics Resources, 4(1):117-120. Morrogh-Bernard, H C; Morf, N V; Chivers, D J; Krützen, M (2011). Dispersal patterns of orang-utans (Pongo spp.) in a Bornean peat-swamp forest. International Journal of Primatology, 32(2):362-376. Frère, C H; Mann, J; Krützen, M; Connor, R C; Bejder, L; Sherwin, W B (2011). Nature and nurture. A step towards investigating their interactions in the wild. Communicative & Integrative Biology, 4(2):192-193. Krützen, M; Willems, E P; van Schaik, C P (2011). Culture and geographic variation in orangutan behavior. Current Biology, 21(21):1808-1812. Vilstrup, J T; Ho, Simon Y W; Foote, A D; Morin, P A; Kreb, D; Krützen, M; Parra, G J; Robertson, K M; de Stephanis, R; Verborgh, P; Willerslev, E; Orlando, L; Gilbert, M T P (2011). Mitogenomic phlyogenetic analyses of the Delphinidae with an emphasis on the Globicephalinae. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11:65. Allen, S J; Bejder, L; Krützen, M (2011). Why do Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) carry conch shells (Turbinella sp.) in Shark Bay, Western Australia?. Marine Mammal Science, 27(2):449-454. Nater, A; Nietlisbach, P; Arora, N; van Schaik, C P; van Noordwijk, M A; Willems, E P; Singleton, I; Wich, S A; Goossens, B; Warren, K S; Verschoor, E J; Perwitasari-Farajallah, D; Pamungkas, J; Krützen, M (2011). Sex-biased dispersal and volcanic activities shaped phylogeographic patterns of extant orangutans (genus: Pongo). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28(8):2275-2288. Connor, R C; Watson-Capps, J J; Sherwin, W B; Krützen, M (2011). A new level of complexity in the male alliance networks of Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). Biology Letters, 7(4):623-626. Weingrill, T; Willems, E P; Krützen, M; Noë, R (2011). Determinants of paternity success in a group of captive vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). International Journal of Primatology, 32(2):415-429. Greminger, M P; Krützen, M; Schelling, C; Pienkowska-Schelling, A; Wandeler, P (2010). The quest for Y-chromosomal markers – methodological strategies for mammalian non-model organisms. Molecular Ecology Resources, 10(3):409-420. Nietlisbach, Pirmin; Nater, Alexander; Greminger, Maja P; Arora, Natasha; Krützen, Michael (2010). A multiplex-system to target 16 male-specific and 15 autosomal genetic markers for orang-utans (genus: Pongo). Conservation Genetics Resources, 2(S1):153-158. Arora, N; Nater, A; van Schaik, C P; Willems, E P; van Noordwijk, M A; Morf, N; Krützen, M; et al (2010). Effects of Pleistocene glaciations and rivers on the population structure of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 107(50):21376-21381. Frère, C H; Krützen, M; Mann, J; Connor, R C; Bejder, L; Sherwin, W B (2010). Social and genetic interactions drive fitness variation in a free-living dolphin population. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 107(46):19949-19954. Tyne, J A; Loneragan, N R; Krützen, M; Allen, S J; Bejder, L (2010). An integrated data management and video system for sampling aquatic benthos. Marine and Freshwater Research, 61(9):1023-1028. Frère, C H; Krützen, M; Mann, J; Watson-Capps, J J; Tsai, Y J; Patterson, E M; Connor, R; Bejder, L; Sherwin, W B (2010). Home range overlap, matrilineal and biparental kinship drive female associations in bottlenose dolphins. Animal Behaviour, 80(3):481-486. Frère, C H; Krützen, M; Kopps, A M; Ward, Patrick; Mann, J; Sherwin, W B (2010). Inbreeding tolerance and fitness costs in wild bottlenose dolphins. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277(1694):2667-2673. Bacher, K; Allen, S; Lindholm, A K; Bejder, L; Krützen, M (2010). Genes or culture: Are mitochondrial genes associated with tool use in bottlenose dolphins (tursiops sp.)?. Behavior Genetics, 40(5):706-7014. Greminger, Maja P; Schäfer, Martin A; Nater, Alexander; Blanckenhorn, Wolf U; Krützen, Michael (2009). Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the dung fly (Sepsis cynipsea). Molecular Ecology Resources, 9(6):1554-1556. Krützen, M (2009). A cultured debate. Book review: The Question of Animal Culture edited by Kevin N. Laland and Bennett G. Galef. Harvard University Press, 2009. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 24(10):530-531. Nater, A; Kopps, A M; Krützen, M (2009). New polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellites improve scoring accuracy in the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus. Molecular Ecology Resources, 9(2):531-534. Krützen, M (2008). Book Review: Beautiful minds--the parallel lives of great apes and dolphins. Maddalena Bearzi and Craig B. Stanford.. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 48(4):546. Modolo, L; Martin, R D; van Schaik, C P; van Noordwijk, M A; Krützen, M (2008). When dispersal fails: unexpected genetic separation in Gibraltar macaques (Macaca sylvanus). Molecular Ecology, 17(18):4027-4038. Nater, A; Krützen, M; Lindholm, A K (2008). Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the livebearing fish 'Poecilia parae'. Molecular Ecology Resources, 8(4):857-860.